Consequently, several recent studies have proposed research designs and methodologies allowing the main effect-modifying factors to be controlled for (Carroll et al., 2006 Lee and Carroll, 2007 Voet et al., 2013). Unfortunately, despite the significance of the adaptations, most of the studies had been conducted with little control of the potential variables that might have influenced the strength increase. In recent years, CE has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy (Farthing et al., 2011 Hendy et al., 2012 Magnus et al., 2013) because it was found that, after strength training with the ipsilateral limb, there was an increase in strength levels in the contralateral, non-trained sides (Farthing et al., 2009 Lepley and Palmieri-Smith, 2014 Magnus et al., 2013) and less atrophy of inactive muscles in injured areas of the body (Hendy et al., 2012 Magnus et al., 2010). Davis ( 1899), the most commonly used term is cross-education (CE). However, since it was coined by Walter W. Several terms have been used to refer to this phenomenon: cross-transfer, cross-over effect, cross-exercise, contralateral learning, contralateral training or inter-limb transfer. Previous studies have proved strength increases in the contralateral limb after performing unilateral strength exercises with the ipsilateral limb (Lee and Carroll, 2007). In conclusion, to optimize contralateral strength improvements, cross-training sessions should involve fast eccentric sets with moderate volumes and rest intervals. Effect size did not relate to absolute volume, relative intensity, absolute duration and speed of execution. Greater effect sizes were observed in lengthy protocols involving fast eccentric exercises using designs of 3 sets of 10 repetitions and a 2-minute rest time. The studies included in the meta-analysis showed a low risk of bias and had an estimated pooled effect size of 0.56 (95% CI from 0.34 to 0.78). Ten of the 43 eligible studies were included, covering a total of 409 participants. The examined studies were limited to those written in the English language within the Web of Science, PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases. The aim of this meta-analysis was to deduce which unilateral strength training load (duration, frequency, intensity, rest and type) would enable the biggest strength increases to be obtained in the inactive contralateral limb. This suggests that the magnetic phases and correlations of the breathing pyrochlore lattice can be determined from the competition between bond alternation and spin-lattice coupling, thus stabilizing long-range magnetic ordering against a nonmagnetic singlet.There is solid evidence on the cross-training phenomenon, but the training load required to achieve it has yet to be established. In contrast, the In compound with strong bond alternation undergoes a thermal crossover at T* approximate to 20.1 K from a tetramer singlet to a dimer singlet or a correlated paramagnet with a separate weak magnetostructural transition at T-S = 17.6 K and the second antiferromagnetic ordering at T-m = 13.7 K. Our data reveal that the Ga compound with moderate bond alternation shows the concomitant structural and magnetic transition at T-S = 15.2 K, followed by the magnetic ordering at T-m = 12.9 K. We find a disparate symmetry breaking process between the In and the Ga compounds, having different degrees of bond alternation. Unlike the uniform pyrochlore ZnCr2O4 lattice, both the In and the Ga compounds feature two-stage symmetry breaking: a magnetostructural phase transition with subsequent antiferromagnetic ordering. We present magnetic susceptibility, dielectric constant, high-frequency electron spin resonance, Li-7 nuclear magnetic resonance, and zero-field muon spin relaxation measurements of LiACr(4)O(8) (A = Ga, In), towards realizing a breathing pyrochlore lattice.
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